Vehicle computer system with wireless internet connectivity

ABSTRACT

A vehicle computer system has a housing sized to be mounted in a vehicle dashboard or other appropriate location. A computer is mounted within the housing and executes an open platform, multi-tasking operating system. The computer runs multiple applications on the operating system, including both vehicle-related applications (e.g., vehicle security application, vehicle diagnostics application, communications application, etc.) and non-vehicle-related applications (e.g., entertainment application, word processing, etc.). The computer system has an Internet wireless link to provide access to the Internet. One or more of the applications may utilize the link to access content on the Internet.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/668,781,filed Jun. 24, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,009,363, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/564,586,filed Nov. 29, 1995, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,794,164, on Aug.11, 1998.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to computer systems for vehicles.

BACKGROUND

Modem vehicles are typically equipped with several independentelectronic systems. For instance, most modern vehicles have a soundsystem and a security system. The sound system usually consists of anAM/FM radio, a cassette or CD (compact disk) player, anequalizer/amplifier, and speakers. The radio and player are arranged ina metal casing or housing that is mounted in a dashboard of the vehicle.The housing has a standardized size, often expressed in terms of DINs(Deutsche Industry Normen), to ensure that the sound system iscompatible with and can be retrofit into most vehicle dashboards.

The security system is entirely separate from the sound system. Thesecurity system generally consists of security sensors placed throughoutthe vehicle, and a central application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) to monitor the sensors and determine whether security is beingjeopardized. Security System also controls actuators to lock/unlockdoors or windows, and an alarm or siren.

Most late model vehicles are also constructed with a diagnostic systemthat analyzes performance of the vehicle's engine, transmission and fuelsystem, and other components (1996 or later for OBD II, 1993 or laterfor OBD I). The diagnostic system can be coupled to an external computerto download or monitor diagnostic information that is useful to avehicle mechanic during servicing of the vehicle. Additionally, thediagnostic system might include dashboard displays that inform thedriver of various operating conditions.

In some recent models, vehicles are being equipped with a navigationsystem that incorporates a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. TheGPS receiver has an antenna to receive signals from a satellite network.The vehicle navigation system uses the satellite positioning signals tocompute coordinates that locate the vehicle over the surface of theearth with regard to longitude, latitude, and altitude. Also, with theappropriate map software, the vehicle's location can then be shown on amap.

Cellular communications systems have also been added to vehicles. Thesecommunications systems enable the vehicle driver or occupant to transacttelephone calls from their vehicle. Some of the more sophisticatedsystems are voice controlled which permit the driver to initiate orreceive calls while traveling without removing a hand from the drivingwheel, or diverting his/her eyes from the operation of the vehicle.

While these various electronics systems have proven useful to vehicleusers, there is a drawback in that the systems are unrelated andincompatible. Each system employs separate proprietary dedicatedprocessors or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) whichexecute incompatible proprietary software. If a vehicle owner would liketo add a security system to his/her vehicle, the owner must purchase anentire security system from one of the vendors and have it customarilyinstalled. There is no way to add security functionality to an existingelectronics system, such as the navigation system or the sound system.

SUMMARY

This invention concerns a vehicle computer system that is capable ofintegrating these diverse and separate systems as well as offering ageneral purpose computing platform that allows for easy expandability.The vehicle computer system has a housing sized to be mounted in avehicle dashboard or other convenient location. This system provides anopen hardware architecture and supports an open platform operatingsystem. The open platform operating system supports multiple differentapplications that can be supplied by a software vendor. For instance,the operating system can support applications pertaining toentertainment, navigation, communications, security, diagnostics, andothers. In the preferred implementation, the operating system is amultitasking operating system capable of concurrently running multipleapplications. The computer has one or more storage devices (e.g., harddisk drive, CD drive, floppy disk drive, cassette player, or smart cardreader) which permits the user to download programs from a storagemedium (e.g., hard disk, CD, diskette, or cassette) to the computer.Also, the user can read or write data to writeable medium (e.g., harddisk, diskette, cassette, or smart card). In this manner, the vehicleowner can easily add new systems to his/her vehicle by installingadditional programs.

In the described implementation, the vehicle computer system has threemodules: a support module, a computer module, and faceplate module. Thesupport module is formed as part of a stationary base unit of thehousing that resides in the vehicle dashboard or other location. It hasits own logic unit which can be implemented in a field programmable gatearray (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), customizedprocessor, or the like. The support module also has an audio signalprocessor, such as a digital signal processor (DSP), which performs thesignal processing for audio and video data. One could combine this DSPinto the ASIC if desired.

The computer module can be connected to or removed from the supportmodule. The computer module has a processor, such as an x86-typemicroprocessor, which runs the operating system. The computer module andsupport module are interfaced using a multi-bit bus, such as a PCI bus.

The faceplate module is detachably connected to the support module. Thefaceplate module has a logic unit of its own to control an RFtransceiver such as a Cell phone, a two-way pager, or a point-to-pointspread spectrum transceiver, a display, a keypad, and a CODEC. Thefaceplate and support modules are connected using a high speed serialconnection. Data is exchanged between the faceplate and support moduleas a synchronized serial bit stream which is organized into multipleframes. Each frame has multiple data bits and at least one valid bit toindicate whether the data bits are valid.

The computer module stores and executes multiple applications. Thecomputer module is connected to an Internet wireless link that providesaccess to the Internet. Individual user applications may be downloadedusing the Internet wireless link.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings toreference like components and features.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a vehicle computer system.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the vehicle computer systeminterfaced with multiple external peripheral devices.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the vehicle computer system according toone implementation having a faceplate module, a support module, and acomputer module.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an interface and internal bus structure ofthe support module. FIG. 4 shows the use of a fast data memory as a highspeed data communications buffer.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a memory access circuit which maps datafrom peripheral devices into storage locations within the fast datamemory.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the support module which is used toillustrate audio data exchange among multiple serial devices through thefast data memory.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a master clock generating unitwhich produces a master audio clock signal used throughout the vehiclecomputer system.

FIG. 8 is a timing diagram illustrating a serial bit stream used tocommunicate data between the support and faceplate modules.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a power system employed by the vehiclecomputer system.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic illustration of the vehicle computer systemaccording to another embodiment having a centralized server computingunit and one or more client computing units distributed on a datanetwork in a vehicle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a vehicle computer system 20 according to oneimplementation of this invention. Vehicle computer system 20 has acentralized computer 22 coupled to various external peripheral devices,including a monitor 24, security sensors 26, a vehicle diagnosticinterface 28, speakers 30, a vehicle battery 32, a backup battery 33,and antenna(s) 34. The computer 22 is assembled in a housing 36 that issized to be mounted in a vehicle dashboard, similar to a conventionalautomobile stereo. Preferably, the housing 36 has a form factor of asingle DIN (Deutsche Industry Normen). But, it possibly could be housedin a 2 DIN unit or other special form factor for an OEM.

The computer 22 runs an open platform operating system which supportsmultiple applications. Using an open platform operating system and anopen computer system architecture, various software applications andhardware peripherals can be produced by independent vendors andsubsequently installed by the vehicle user after purchase of thevehicle. This is advantageous in that the software applications do notneed to be specially configured for uniquely designed embedded systems.The open hardware architecture preferably runs a multitasking operatingsystem that employs a graphical user interface, One preferred operatingsystem is a Windows® brand operating system sold by MicrosoftCorporation, such as Windows 95® or Windows NT® or other derivativeversions of Windows®. A multitasking operating system allowssimultaneous execution of multiple applications.

The computer 22 includes at least one storage drive which permits thevehicle user to download programs and data from storage medium. In theillustrated implementation, the computer 22 has a CD ROM drive 38 whichreads application-related CDs, as well as musical, video, game, or othertypes of entertainment CDs. In this manner, the CD ROM drive 38 performsa dual role of storage drive and entertainment player. The computer 22has an optional 3.5″ floppy diskette drive 40, a smart card reader 42,and dual PCMCIA card sockets 44 which accept PCMCIA card types I, II andIII. Two types I or II cards can be simultaneously used, but only onecard if a type III can be used. Hereinafter, the acronym “PC-Card” willbe used in place of the acronym “PCMCIA.” Also, a hard disk drive (notshown) can be included on the computer 22 for storing both applicationprograms and user data. A DVD (digital video disk) player may also beincluded in the computer 22.

The storage drives are mounted in a base unit 46 of housing 36. The baseunit 46 is constructed and sized to be mounted in the dashboard.Optionally, this base unit may be removable in the same fashion as alaptop computer and its associated docking station. This high end optionallows the user to take his vehicle computer to his home or office toserve as his portable PC. The housing 36 also has a detachable faceplate48 which is pivotally mounted to the front of the base unit 46. Thefaceplate can be rotated to permit easy and convenient access to thestorage drives.

The computer 22 has a keypad 52 and a display 54 on the faceplate 48.The operating system executing on the computer 22 controls the faceplateperipheral, which through the faceplate processor, can control thefaceplate keys 52 and the faceplate display 54 as peripheral deviceswhen the faceplate is attached to the base unit. Additionally, thecomputer 22 has a voice recognition device to permit the user toverbally enter commands in a hands-free, eyes-free environment. Thesevoice commands can be used for controlling most operating modes of thevehicle computing platform. The computer 22 is also equipped with anIrDA (infrared developers association) transceiver port 56 mounted onthe faceplate 48 to transmit and receive data and programs usinginfrared signals. The entire faceplate unit 48 behaves as amultifunction peripheral to the computing platform.

To load an application or data onto the computer 22, the vehicle userinserts a CD or other media (if the application is not already containedon the hard disk) into the appropriate drive and the operating systemdownloads the application or data therefrom. The installation processcan be automatically handled by the operating system, or with theassistance of commands input from the user in the form of keyedsequences on the keypad 52 or verbal instructions using the voicerecognition device. Another technique to load data or applications ortransfer data with other computing devices is through the use of theIrDA transceiver port 56, or the wireless Internet link 76.

The computer 22 can output visual data to the LCD 54 at the faceplate,or to the monitor 24. The display 54 is preferably a back lit LCD. Themonitor 24 is preferably a small flat panel display (e.g., 6.4″ screen)that is movably mounted on a stand or yoke and remotely located from thecomputer. The monitor 24 is fully adjustable to different viewingpositions that can be seen by the driver or other passengers in thevehicle. The type of data displayed on the monitor can range widely fromword instructions concerning the vehicle's performance, to diagrammaticdirections used by the navigation system, to video movies for in-carentertainment. The monitor 24 is equipped with an automatic overrideswitch 58 which automatically disables the display of any non-drivingrelated data when positioned to be viewed by the driver. When facing thedriver, only information supportive and helpful to driving (e.g.,diagnostics, navigation directions) is displayed on the monitor, whiledistracting information (e.g., video movies, games) is blocked fromdisplay. In one implementation, the switch is an electrical cylindricalswitch which closes when the display is capable of being viewed by thedriver; thus, the software can sense the display position and only allowpermitted information to be displayed.

In general, the vehicle computer system 20 can be used to integratemultiple vehicle-related systems onto one open platform hardware andsoftware architecture. For instance, the vehicle computer system 20 canserve as a multimedia entertainment system, a navigation system, acommunications system, a security system, and a diagnostics system.Moreover, the vehicle computer system 20 provides additionalfunctionality traditionally associated with desk-top and laptop personalcomputers. For instance, vehicle computer system 20 can support wordprocessing applications, spreadsheet applications, databaseapplications, and appointment/schedule applications. Furthermore, thevehicle computer system 20 can be configured to operate as a server toother computing units in the vehicle to distribute games, video movies,and the like to passengers.

FIG. 2 shows the computer 22 according to one implementation of theinvention. Computer 22 has three primary modules: a faceplate module 60,a support module 62, and a computer module 64. The computer module 64 isoperatively connected to the support module 62 via a multi-bit bus 66.In the preferred implementation, the multi-bit bus is a PCI (PeripheralComponent Interconnect) bus. The support module 62 and faceplate module60 are interconnected via a high speed serial interface 68 whichsupports high speed, serial data communication. A preferred serialtransmission scheme is described below in more detail with reference toFIG. 8.

In FIG. 2, the support module 62 is also connected to a universal serialbus (USB) hub 70 via a multi-bit connector 72 (e.g., 8 bits). The USBhub 70 provides connections to many peripheral devices (e.g., 128devices). Example peripheral devices include the OBD (On BoardDiagnostic) system 28, the security system 26, navigation system 74, awireless link 76 to the Internet, a CD-ROM changer 78, a TV tuner 80,and user I/O devices such as a joystick, keyboard or a mouse 82. ThisUSB hub could be separate as shown in FIG. 2 or it could be integratedinto one or more of the USB peripherals.

FIG. 3 shows the three modules of the vehicle computer 22 in moredetail. The support module 62 resides in the typically stationary baseunit 46 (FIG. 1) that is mounted in the vehicle dashboard or otherconvenient location. The support module 62 includes a logic unit 90which is responsible for facilitating communication among peripheraldevices, establishing a master audio clock signal used throughout thevehicle computer system, and coordinating the entertainmentfunctionality of the computer system. The logic unit 90 can beimplemented as an FPGA (field programmable gate array). It is noted thatthe logic code for an FPGA is developed using a hardware descriptionlanguage, such as VHDL (IEEE standard 1076-1993), and can be recompiledfor an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) architecture. Thelogical unit 90 can further be implemented as a microprocessor, a RISC(reduced instruction set computing) processor, or other processingdevices.

The support module 62 has several hardware interfaces. A USB interface92 is driven from the PCI bus 66 and provides the interconnection to thevarious USB peripherals shown in FIG. 2. A USB hub may be required asshown if the peripherals do not incorporate one and more USB peripheralsthan supported directly by the support module are attached. A VGAcontroller 94 is provided on the support module 62 to drive the display24 (FIG. 1). The VGA controller 94 is also driven from the PCI bus. Itis noted that the USB interface and VGA controller could be incorporatedinto the logic unit 90. An ATAPI-IDE interface (used to drive the CD ROMor DVD player), and a PCI interface are implemented as part of the logicunit 90. For supporting higher bandwidth video applications such asmultiple video screens, a P1394 interface could be added to the systemand driven from the PCI interface or incorporated in logic unit 90.

The support module 62 also includes an audio signal processor 96 toperform the sound processing algorithms which may include: soundequalization, digital crossover, bass, treble, volume, surround sound,Dolby pro-logic™, AC-3 and MPEG decoding. The audio signal processor 96also drives digital to analog converters for a six channel audio output(not shown). The audio signal processor 96 is preferably implemented asa DSP (digital signal processor), such as a Motorola DSP56009. Thesupport module also includes an AM/FM tuner module 98, a GPS (globalpositioning system) chipset 100 to provide for satellite navigation suchthat the longitude, latitude, and altitude of the vehicle may be readilydetermined, and one or more audio analog to digital converters anddigital to analog converters (or “CODECS”) 102.

A fast data memory 110 functions as a high speed data communicationsbuffer between the serial peripheral devices. The fast data memory ispreferably implemented as a high speed SRAM (static random accessmemory) which provides high speed buffering and “ping-ponging” of audiodata or USB data to minimize processor interaction. In the preferredimplementation, the fast data memory 110 acts as a fast data memorybuffer which accommodates data exchange among many devices. The fastdata memory 110 is described below in more detail with reference to FIG.6.

With continuing reference to FIG. 3, the faceplate module 60 resides onthe detachable faceplate 48 (FIG. 1). The faceplate module 60 isconnected to the support module through a connector that facilitateseasy detachability of the faceplate 48 from the main housing 36. Thefaceplate module 60, through the detachable connector, communicatesbi-directional data to the support module 62 by means of the high speedserial interconnect 68. The faceplate module 60 includes a logic unit120 which can be implemented as an FPGA, ASIC, DSP, or other device. Thefaceplate module 60 also includes a keypad 52, a display 54, an IrDAport 56, and a CODEC 122. Additionally, the faceplate module contains aslot for an optional plug-in RF transceiver 124 such as a cell phone,two-way pager, or point-to-point spread spectrum transceiver.

Typically, the computer module 64 resides in the dashboard-mounted baseunit 46 and includes a processor in the form of a microprocessor 130,such as an Intel® x86-type microprocessor. When plugged in, the computermodule 64 is connected to the PCI bus 66 to communicate with the supportmodule 62.

The microprocessor 130 runs an open platform operating system 131, suchWindows 95® or Windows NT™ or other Windows® derivative operatingsystems from Microsoft Corporation. The operating system 131 is storedin a hard disk drive 132 (e.g. typically >200 Mbytes). This hard diskdrive may be either integrated into the computer module as shown or itmay be in the form of a PC-Card. The computer module 64 supports anyvariety of applications that the vehicle user might desire. Theseapplications can also be stored on the hard disk drive 132 or on aremovable storage medium, such as a CD ROM, cassette, PC-Card Flashmemory, PC-Card hard disk drive, or floppy diskette. Additionally, userapplications may be downloaded via the optional wireless Internetconnection 76. A DRAM memory 133 and Flash memory (or other non volatilememory) 134 are employed in the computer module to support themicroprocessor 130 in running the operating system and loadedapplications.

The computer module 64 has a PC-Card interface 135 which includes a PCcard socket used to support types I, II, or III PC cards (e.g., extramemory, hard disk drives, modems, RF transceivers, network adapters, orother PC-Card peripherals). The computer module 64 also has a Smart Cardinterface 136, which accepts Smart Cards.

The computer module 64 has a set of one or more drivers 137 including,for example, a CD ROM driver, a diskette driver, a display driver, andthe like. The computer module 64 also has a navigation application 138that includes program code for a GPS (global positioning system)receiver and program code for mapping functionality (e.g., “Automap”from Microsoft Corporation). A security system 139 is provided in thecomputer module 64 to manage vehicle security. The security application114 monitors the security sensors 26 (FIG. 1) for any potential threatof theft or vandalism. The security system 146 is connected to actuatorswhich lock/unlock doors and windows, and to an alarm which can beactivated upon detection of unwanted tampering. An OBD (On BoardDiagnostic) interpreter 128 is provided in the computer module tocommunicate with the OBD system built into the vehicle by themanufacturer. The OBD interpreter 116 interprets the status datareceived and provides performance related information from the vehicle'sOBD system to the microprocessor 100. Also, commands can be provided tothe interpreter which allows non-critical car systems to be controlled.

A more detailed explanation of the three modules in the vehicle computersystem is provided in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.08/564,586 entitled “Vehicle Computer System,” which was filed on Nov.29, 1995 in the names of Richard D. Beckert, Mark M. Moeller, andWilliam Wong. This application is assigned to Microsoft Corporation andis incorporated herein by reference.

The logic unit 90 within the support module 62 is configured with itsown multi-bit bus structure that is separate from the bus of themicroprocessor 130 of the computer module 64. The logic unit 90 andmicroprocessor 130 are interfaced using a bus, such as PCI bus 66. Byconfiguring the logic unit 90 with its own bus, the logic unit 90 iscapable of better performing its tasks independent of intervention fromthe microprocessor 130. Moreover, the internal bus of the logic unit 90facilitates data communication between the audio components and otherserial devices while using minimal processing resources of themicroprocessor 130.

FIG. 4 shows a preferred implementation of an internal bus structure 140of the logic unit 90 of the support module and the interface between theinternal bus 140 and external devices. The internal multi-bit busstructure 140 includes an address bus 142, a data bus 144, and a controlbus 146. In the illustrated implementation, the data bus 144 is a 32-bitbus and the address bus 142 is a sufficiently large to support inparallel at least 19 address bits, such as through a 32-bit bus. Thebusses are tri-state busses which are driven by one of several sources.An internal bus arbiter 148 determines which device is in control of thebus structure 140.

The PCI bus 66 connecting the support module 62 to the computer module64 is connected to the internal bus structure 140 via latches 150, 152,and 154, and a PCI bus interface 156. The PCI connection has primarycontrol over the internal bus structure 140. The USB interface 92 andthe VGA controller 94 are devices on the PCI bus interconnect, or theymay be incorporated into the logic unit 90.

Serial devices are connected to the internal bus structure 140 via aserial interface 160. Some of the peripheral devices are implemented towrite data directly to the fast data memory 110 use a direct memoryaccess (DMA) process (described below). Such serial devices arereferenced by number 162. Example of DMA-configured peripheral devicesinclude the audio signal processor 94, the faceplate module 60 (which istreated as a multifunction peripheral when attached to the supportmodule), the AM/FM tuner 98, etc. From the perspective of the logicunit, these serial devices behave with respect to the DMA process as anyperipheral device. Accordingly, in this context, the serial devicesinternal to the support module may be referred to as “serial devices,”“serial peripheral devices,” or simply “peripheral devices.”

The data from the serial devices 162 are received at the serialinterface 160 and transferred to ping/pong DMA circuits 164. The DMAcircuits 164 include a serial to parallel converter to convert the datato a parallel format. The parallel data is transferred from theping/pong DMA circuits 164 over the bus structure 140 to the fast datamemory 110. An example ping/pong DMA circuits 164 is described in moredetail below with reference to FIG. 5.

Other peripheral devices, referenced by number 166, are not linked toDMA circuitry because of their low bandwidth requirements. An example ofthis peripheral device is the navigation GPS chipset 100. Serial datafrom a peripheral device 166 is received at the serial interface 160 andstored in a parallel format in an internal register where it may be readby the computer module 64.

The logic unit 90 supports an IDE (Integrated Device Electronics) port170 for connection to the CD ROM or other IDE compatible device, such asa DVD player or IDE hard disk drive. The CD ROM is an IDE device with anATAPI software interface, and typically has a 16-bit bus. The IDE port170 is accessible from the bus structure 140 through two 16-bitbi-directional buffers 172 and 174 to translate the 16-bit CD-ROM datato the proper word location in the 32-bit internal data bus 144. Themicroprocessor in the computer module communicates to the CD ROM througha sequence of ATAPI commands written to registers decoded by the logicunit. The register decoder 168 decodes and transfers read/write timingsignals to IDE port 170 for output to the IDE compatible device.

Memory locations within the fast data memory 110, the I/O ports to theperipheral devices 162, 166, and the IDE port 170 can be mapped into theaddress space presented by the logic unit 90. Data can be sent to theperipheral devices or memory 110 over the internal address/data bus 140by using addresses which have been uniquely assigned to each peripheraldevice or memory block. In a preferred implementation, the memory 110 isa 32-bits wide SRAM with four byte enable lines to allow forcombinations of byte, word, or double word access. The fast data memoryaddress and data lines are driven by the logic unit 90 from the internaladdress/data bus structure 140 and the fast data memory will be enabledwhen the address is in the range mapped to the multiport memory 110. Theaddress/data bus structure 140 will also be driven for transfers betweenthe host processor and peripheral registers such as the computer modulereading the GPS receive registers.

The internal address/data bus 140 splits its time between requests fromthe PCI bus 66 and DMA requests for accessing the memory 110. The busarbiter 148 controls the bus ownership and has selection logic totransition between a PCI bus request and a DMA request. The bus arbitercircuit 148 generally tries to grant one-half of the bus bandwidth tothe PCI bus 66 and one-half to the DMA processes. When the arbiterdecodes an active request, it initiates a bus cycle state machine andthe active request grants the bus to either the PCI bus or to one of theinternal DMA circuits.

As noted above, signals received from the PCI bus 66 have priority onthe address/data bus 140. The PCI bus signals are input into the logicunit 90 as 32-bit multiplexed signals consisting of address/data bitsplus the PCI control/timing signals. When a PCI bus cycle begins, thelogic unit 90 decodes the address. If the address corresponds to amapped I/O port in or controlled by logic unit 90 or to a memorylocation within fast data memory 110, the logic unit 90 drives a deviceselect signal back to the PCI master at the computer module 64, which inturn sets a PCI BUS REQUEST bit inside the logic unit 90. The busarbiter 148 grants the PCI bus 66 access to the internal address/databus 140 at the next opportunity.

While this is happening the PCI bus is held in a wait state until thelogic unit 90 asserts a target ready signal. The bus arbiter 148 grantsthe PCI bus interface circuit 156 access to the internal bus when thePCI BUS GRANT signal is active. This initiates a bus cycle state machinein the logic unit, which generates an internal read or write bus cycle.If the logic unit starts a write cycle, it waits for an initiator readysignal from the PCI bus to indicate that the write data is valid. For aread cycle, the internal bus cycle completes and the data is latched inthe output data latch 154 of the PCI interface circuit. The logic unit90 then asserts the target ready signal to allow the PCI master of thePCI bus 66 to complete the bus cycle.

When the PCI bus cycle is not mapped to an I/O port or to a memorylocation in memory 110, the PCI bus interface 156 in the logic unitkeeps the internal address and data bus isolated from the PCI bus 66. Inthis manner, the PCI bus 66 and the internal bus structure 140 of thelogic unit 90 can both be executing independent bus cycles. As a result,the data/address bus 140 of the logic unit 90 can service DMA busoperations occurring between the various serial devices 162 and thememory 110 without impacting the bandwidth of the PCI bus 66 or themicroprocessor in the computer module 64.

One aspect of this design is the way in which multiple peripheraldevices 162 communicate through shared memory buffers in the fast staticmemory 110. Many serial devices can be receiving data and buffering thedata in the fast data memory 110 without intervention from themicroprocessor on the computer module. The internal address/data busstructure 140 of the logic units, combined with the ping/pong DMAcircuits 164, form an effective communications buffer for handling thedata communications between the serial devices, thereby significantlyreducing the processor overhead in handling numerous data streams.

In the preferred implementation, there is one ping/pong DMA circuit foreach corresponding DMA-configured serial peripheral device 162. Recallfrom above that the fast data memory 110 has partitioned memory spacethat is mapped to corresponding ones of the peripheral devices. In thismanner, storage areas within the memory 110 correspond to differentperipheral devices. The ping/pong DMA circuit designates through memorypointers particular storage areas of the fast data memory 110 thatbelong to its associated peripheral device.

FIG. 5 shows a ping/pong DMA circuit 200 in more detail. The DMA circuit200 has a serial-to-parallel converter 202 to convert the serial datareceived from the associated peripheral device into a parallel formatfor transfer on the internal bus 140. The parallel data is placedinitially in a holding register 204.

A start address register 206 is provided to locate the appropriatebuffer area within the fast data memory to hold the data in the holdingregister 204. The logic unit initializes a DMA process by writing a wordto the start address register 206. The word defines the beginning of thebuffer area in the fast data memory 110. The upper bits of the startaddress register 206 represent the upper address lines of a bufferpointer into the memory 110. In this implementation, the lower addressbits in the start address register 206 are not used. The start addressof the buffer area is on a page boundary and the size of the buffer areais a pre-determined size corresponding to the page size.

A lower address counter 208 is used to access the specific locationwithin the designated buffer area of the memory. The number of bits incounter 208 corresponds to the size of the buffer area. In thisimplementation, the counter employs ten address bits A0-A9. A countoutput by the counter 208 is used as a pointer to the specific locationinto which the data in the holding register 204 is to be stored. Oncethe data is transferred to the storage location, the counter isincremented to reference the next appropriate location.

Each ping/pong DMA circuit defines two buffers within the buffer area ofthe memory 110: a “ping” buffer and a “pong” buffer. The ping bufferrepresents a portion of the buffer area for a particular device intowhich data is being written from that device. Conversely, the pongbuffer represents another portion of the buffer area from which data isbeing read. The upper address bit A9 of the counter 208 divides thebuffer area into the ping and the pong buffers. When a transition of theupper counter bit occurs an interrupt may be generated, if thecorresponding interrupt mask is enabled.

Address bits A0 and A1 are used to generate the four byte select signalsof the internal address/data bus 140. The lower two bits A0 and A1 ofthe counter 208 are used to select one of the byte select lines if thetransfer is byte wide. The lower bit A1 is used to select an upper pairor lower pair of the byte select lines if the transfer is word wide. A11byte enables are active for double word transfers. In this manner, theDMA process accommodates byte, word, or double word size data packets.As an example, a DMA circuit for an I²C bus™ compatible peripheraldevice is configured for byte size data packets (i.e., 8 bits) becausedata is received from an I²C bus™ in byte sizes. CD-ROM data istransferred in word sizes (i.e., 16 bits) which is appropriate for itsbus size. I²S digital audio data is transferred on a double word size(i.e., 32 bits).

In the case of a serial receive process, a serial data stream receivedfrom a peripheral device is shifted within the serial-to-parallelconverter 202 to form units of 8, 16, or 32 bits in length. After theappropriate number of shifts, the data is transferred to register 204.This transfer causes the DMA REQ & GNT circuit 210 to set a Bus Requestsignal.

The bus arbiter circuit 148 (FIG. 4) looks at the bus request and grantsthe bus 140 to the DMA request at the next opportunity. Initiating a busgrant signal signifies that the bus has been granted to the DMA process.The bus grant signal enables the upper address bits A10-A19 in the startaddress register 206 and the lower address bits A2-A9 in the counter 208to drive the internal address bus 142 for locating the appropriateaddress space in the fast data memory buffer. The appropriate byteenable lines are also driven. The data is transferred from the holdingregister 204 onto the data bus 144 and written into the fast data memory110 at the address on the address bus 142. The counter 208 is thenincremented by one byte, word, or double word to prepare for the nextaddress space of the buffer.

The logic unit can clear the counter 208 or inhibit the request signalby writing to a control register 212.

In the illustrated implementation, a limit register 216 is used to set alimit value which may be less than that of the full size of theping/pong buffer. For most cases, the limit value is set equal to thebuffer size. In some cases, however, the buffer size might need to besmaller to handle odd size data blocks, such as data from the CD-ROM orother certain USB peripheral devices. The comparitor 214 compares thepointer moving through the buffer with the limit value stored inregister 216. When the counter 208 reaches the limit value in register216, the counter is reset and starts again. As a result, the size of theping/pong buffer is not restricted to some capacity based on a power oftwo. The comparitor and limit register enable the buffer to accommodateirregular data block sizes.

The serial transmission case in which data is read out of the memorybuffer is similar in the way of seizing control of the internal addressbus and moving data out of the memory and onto the bus. In thetransmission case, the Bus Request signal is activated when the datacontents of the holding register 204 are transferred to the converter202 for output, thereby leaving the holding register empty and awaitingthe next data unit.

The direct memory access configuration of the logic unit 90, memory 110,and DMA circuits 200 enable fast and effective handling of the datacommunication to and from the serial peripheral devices. It permits thelogic unit 90 to support many different serial peripheral deviceswithout burdening the computer module. Another advantage is that thelogic unit 90 enables efficient use of the memory space through the useof an “overlay” technique.

To illustrate an efficient memory overlay technique, FIG. 6 shows asimplified block diagram of the logic unit 90 coupled to variousperipheral devices including, for example, the CD-ROM 78, audio signalprocessor 96, and AM/FM tuner 98 via CODEC 102. A sound source can belinked to the digital audio signal processor 96 by overlaying theping/pong buffer area in the fast data memory 110 designated for thesound source with the ping/pong buffer area designated for the audiosignal processor 96. In this manner, the buffer area for the soundsource has the same beginning and end points as the buffer area for theaudio signal processor. This overlay allows the two devices to share thesame buffer to efficiently exchange data. The sound source fills up itscorresponding ping buffer area which happens to be the pong buffer forthe audio signal processor. Concurrently, the audio signal processor isreading out of its ping buffer (i.e., the sound source's pong buffer) toretrieve data just filled by the sound source. When the sound sourcefills its ping buffer and the audio processor finishes reading its pingbuffer, the sound source begins writing data to its corresponding pongbuffer and the audio processor begins reading from its pong buffer whichwas just filled by the sound source.

Whenever a DMA process crosses a ping or pong boundary, an interrupt isgenerated, if unmasked. This is true for both the DMA process of theaudio source and for the DMA process for an output to the signalprocessor. The interrupts may be used by software to guarantee that thetwo DMA processes stay synchronized.

The DMA overlaying process is further demonstrated by the followingexamples in which memory buffers designated for different data sourcesare overlaid on the memory buffers designated for the signal processor.These examples are described with reference to FIGS. 4-6.

Suppose the AM/FM tuner 98 is the source of the audio data. The AM/FMtuner 98 produces audio data which is digitized into a serial datastream in the a CODEC. The DMA circuit 200 corresponding to the AM/FMtuner 98 receives the serial stream, converts it to a parallel format,and requests permission to write the data over the internal data bus 144to the buffer pointed to by the ping/pong start address register 206.More particularly, the data is written to a location within the bufferreferenced by the counter 208. For discussion purposes, suppose that theupper bit A9 is “0” to designate that the data is written to “ping”buffer.

Concurrently, the DMA circuit 200 corresponding to the audio signalprocessor 96 maintains an address in its register 206 which referencesthe same buffer area of the memory 110 used by the AM/FM tuner 98.However, the upper counter bit A9 of its counter 208 has a binary “1” toreference the “pong” buffer of the signal processor space. While datafrom the AM/FM tuner 98 is written to its ping buffer (also the audiosignal processor's ping buffer), the signal processor is reading datafrom its pong buffer (also the tuner's pong buffer). Both of theseevents are based on a master clock signal so that the toggle between theping and pong buffers for both the tuner and signal processor occursimultaneously in both incoming and outgoing data. The interruptsgenerated by both incoming and outgoing toggles can be ignored, unlessthe logic unit 90 has some interest in the data.

Accordingly, the architecture promotes efficient data transfer from theAM/FM tuner to the signal processor without burdening the processingresources of the computer module or the logic unit.

As another example, suppose the CD ROM 78 is the source of the data. TheDMA circuits associated with the CD ROM 78 and the audio signalprocessor 96 are configured to point to the same buffer area of the fastdata memory 110 buffer, with the ping buffer of each overlapping withthe pong buffer of the other. In this case, the logic unit 90 interfaceswith the CD ROM 78 through the IDE port, but the overlay aspects areessentially the same. The CD ROM alternately fills its associated pingand pong buffer spaces within the fast data memory 110 while the audioprocessor concurrently reads from its associated ping and pong buffersto extract the audio data just written by the CD ROM.

The logic unit facilitates similar data flow between the signalprocessor and other serial devices, including the CODEC, the USB hubwhich connects to many outside peripheral devices, the computer modulevia the PCI bus, and so forth.

FIG. 7 shows a master audio clock generating unit 220 that is residentin the support module 62. The master clock generating unit providesclock signals to many components and interfacing busses. The masterclock generating unit 220 includes a clock oscillator 222 which, in thepreferred implementation, is a 48 MHz oscillator. A divide-by-N counter224 and a divide-by-two counter 226 are formed as part of the logic unit90 to produce a master audio clock signal used to synchronize thevarious audio components in the vehicle computer system. Assuming a 48MHz oscillator, the counters 224 and 226 produce an audio clock signalof approximately 44.1 KHz. The clock generating unit 220 also includes adivide-by-480 counter 228 to produce a 100 KHz I²C bus™ clock signal,and a divide-by-N counter circuit 230 which produces various baud ratesfor UARTs.

The master clock generating unit 220 employs a phased lock loop (PLL)232 of the CODEC 102 which multiplies the audio clock signal to yield ahigh speed clock signal that can be transmitted over the high speedserial interface 68 to the faceplate module. In the illustratedimplementation, for example, the PLL 232 multiplies the 44.1 KHz signalby a factor 256 to produce a high speed clock signal of approximately11.2 MHz. This high speed clock signal is passed back through the logicunit 90 where it is passed through an on/off gate 234 to be selectivelyoutput to the faceplate module as the faceplate clock FCLK signal whenthe faceplate is attached. Additionally, the logic unit 90 has adivide-by-17 counter 236 which generates a synchronizing bit FSYNC every17^(th) bit of the high speed clock signal. The faceplate module isequipped with a clock generation circuit which divides the high speedclock signal back down to the desired audio rate of 44.1 KHz. If thefaceplate module is detached from the support module, the logic unit 90disables the FCLK signal to conserve power.

One benefit of the master clock generating unit 220 is that it canadjust and fine tune the clock frequency to accommodate fixed rate audiodevices, such as a CD ROM player. Such devices often have a fixed ratethat might vary slightly from the specified optimal clock frequency. Toensure an optimum synchronization among the audio components, the masterclock generating unit 220 adjusts itself by altering the value N in thedivide-by-N counter 224 to thereby produce slightly different audioclock rates that approximate the desired 44.1 KHz. This master clockadjustability feature provides better synchronization which in turnpromotes optimal sound quality.

Data is carried over the high speed serial interconnect between thesupport and faceplate modules using the 11.2 MHz clock rate. The data istransferred as a synchronized serial bit stream which is organized intomultiple frames. Each frame has multiple data bits and at least onevalid bit to indicate whether the data bits are valid. The frames areset apart from one another by a synchronization signal.

FIG. 8 shows a timing diagram of the high speed clock 240, asynchronization signal 242, and one data frame 244 according to apreferred implementation. The clock signal 240 is produced at afrequency of approximately 11.2 MHz. The synchronization signal 242 isasserted every 17^(th) clock pulse and remains asserted through oneclock period. Following this synchronization bit, a 17-bit frame istransferred. The frame includes a valid bit 246 and 16 bits of dataD0-D15. The valid bit 246 is set when the data bits 248 are valid andreset when the accompanying data bits are not valid.

FIG. 9 shows a power system 260 for the vehicle computer system. Thepower system 260 is designed to ensure that the vehicle computer systemhas power in the event that the primary vehicle battery 32 isdisconnected, becomes discharged, or during engine starting. Forinstance, the vehicle battery 32 may be rendered ineffective if the useraccidentally leaves on the vehicle lights, or if a person attempts todisarm the vehicle by disconnecting the battery. It is desirable thatthe computer system remain operative to maintain security andcommunication features even though the system can no longer draw powerfrom the vehicle battery. Another concern is that the voltage output ofthe vehicle battery 32 can be reduced to less than five volts when thevehicle is being started. This brief low voltage period may adverselyaffect operation of the vehicle computer system.

To alleviate these potential problems, the power system 260 has a backupbattery 33 which functions as a secondary power source to the vehiclecomputer system. The backup battery 33 can be identical to the primarybattery or something with less, but sufficient power to support acomputer system. The power system 260 also includes a power sourceselector 262 coupled between (1) both the primary and secondary powersources 32, 33 and (2) the vehicle computer system. The power sourceselector 262 alternately enables the primary battery 32 or the backupbattery 33 to supply power to the vehicle computer system. The power isinput to a power regulator and manager 258, which converts the power tothe appropriate levels for use in the computer module 64, the supportmodule 62, and the faceplate module 60.

In the illustrated implementation, the power source selector 262 isconfigured using solid state electronic devices in the form of diodesthat do not require any switching or relay circuitry. The selector 262includes a first diode path 264 having n diodes (n=1, 2, . . . ), asrepresented by diode 266, connected between the vehicle battery 32 andthe vehicle computer system. The selector 262 also includes a seconddiode path 268 having at least n+1 diodes, as represented by two diodes270 and 272, connected between the backup battery 33 and the vehiclecomputer system. By placing at least one more diode in thebackup-to-computer path 268, the vehicle computer system will drawvoltage primarily from the vehicle battery 32 during normal operationbecause there is less voltage drop in the primary-to-computer path 264so long as the vehicle battery 32 has sufficient power.

In the event that the vehicle battery 32 becomes discharged to pointbelow the voltage level of the backup battery (plus a voltage drop forthe additional diode(s) in the second path 268), the computer systemdraws voltage from the backup battery 33. The diode 266 prevents currentfrom going back into the dead or discharged battery 32 to efficientlydivert the power to the vehicle computer system.

The backup battery 33 has its own charging circuit (not shown) whichenables it to be charged when the vehicle is operating. For instance, inan automobile, the charging circuit allows the automobile's alternatorto charge the backup battery 33.

The power regulator and manager 258 provides four main power statesduring operation of the vehicle computer system. These states includepower up, intermediate power, power down, and power off. In the “powerup” state, all components in the computer system are fully powered up.In the “intermediate power” state, some of the components are poweredup, while others of the components and peripheral devices are powereddown. The “power down” state is the lowest power state without removingpower altogether. The busses and logic unit are on, but most componentsand peripherals are powered down. User activation can bring the systemback from the power down state to a power up state. In the “power off”state, all components are off, excepting a few wake-up circuits,battery-backed clock, and the like.

FIG. 10 shows a vehicle computer network system 500 designed for avehicle 502. In this example illustration, the vehicle 502 is a minivanor sport utility vehicle which seats seven occupants. The system 500 hasa server computing unit 504 which is mounted in a first location of thevehicle 502. Preferably, this server computing unit 504 is implementedas computer 22 described above and mounted in the vehicle dashboard orother suitable location. The server computing unit 504 runs a serveroperating system, such as Windows NT®.

A mass storage device or database 506 is provided at the servercomputing unit 504 to store data. In one implementation, the storagedevice 506 comprises data and programs stored on a CD that can be readusing the CD ROM drive of the server computing unit. Alternatively, thestorage device 504 can be implemented as a hard disk drive or a tapestorage.

A data network 508 is arranged throughout the vehicle 502 to provideconnection ports at various locations remote from the server computingunit 504. Here, connection ports 510 are provided at each of the rearfive passenger seats.

The vehicle computer network system 500 has one or more clientprocessing units 512 equipped with a compatible interface adapter forthe network connection port 510. Once connected to the network, theclient processing unit 512 can receive data and programs from thecentral storage device 506 via server computing unit 504. The clientprocessing unit 512 preferably has a visual display screen and audiosound card to provide multimedia entertainment.

According to this arrangement, the server computing unit 504 can providein-car entertainment to passengers. For instance, a movie can be shownto a passenger by inserting a video disk into the CD ROM drive 506 atthe server computing unit 504. The central computing unit becomes avideo server distributing video over the data network 508 to the clientprocessing units 512. Other types of entertainment include games andmusic.

The network system can be configured to be interactive in which theclient computing units 512 can request certain entertainment from theserver computing unit 504. For example, suppose a game CD havingmultiple games is loaded in the CD ROM drive. One passenger wants toplay an combat video game, while another passenger wishes to playcomputer chess. Each client computing unit can request the appropriategame from the server computing unit 504, which retrieves the games anddistributes them to the requesting client computing units.

Although the invention has been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological steps, it is to be understoodthat the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarilylimited to the specific features or steps described. Rather, thespecific features and steps are disclosed as preferred forms ofimplementing the claimed invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A vehicle computer system comprising: a housingof a size suitable to be mounted in a vehicle dashboard; a computermounted within the housing; an open platform operating system executingon the computer; and an Internet wireless link to provide access to theInternet.
 2. A vehicle computer system as recited in claim 1 wherein thehousing has a form factor of a single DIN.
 3. A vehicle computer systemas recited in claim 1 wherein the Internet wireless link is connected tothe computer via a bus.
 4. A vehicle computer system as recited in claim1 wherein the operating system is a multitasking operating system thatis capable of concurrently running the multiple applications.
 5. Avehicle computer system as recited in claim 1 further comprisingmultiple applications that execute on the computer.
 6. A vehiclecomputer system as recited in claim 5 wherein the applications areselected from a group comprising a navigational application, anentertainment application, a communications application, a vehiclesecurity application, a vehicle diagnostics application, a wordprocessing application, a spreadsheet application, a databaseapplication, and an appointment/schedule application.
 7. A vehiclecomputer system as recited in claim 1 further comprising an applicationexecuting on the computer that utilizes the Internet wireless link toaccess the Internet.
 8. A vehicle computer system as recited in claim 1wherein the Internet wireless link is used to download an application tothe computer.
 9. A computer network system for an automobile,comprising: a network; at least one client computing device connected tothe network; a vehicle computer system connected to the network to servecontent to the client computing device, the vehicle computer systemcomprising: a housing of a size suitable to be mounted in a vehicledashboard; a computer mounted within the housing; an open platformoperating system executing on the computer; and an Internet wirelesslink to provide access to the Internet.
 10. A computer network system asrecited in claim 9, wherein the content served to the client is receivedfrom the Internet via the Internet wireless link.
 11. A vehicle computersystem comprising: a support module having a bus; a computer moduleconnected to the bus, the computer module having a processor; multipleapplications stored on the computer module and executed by theprocessor; and an Internet wireless link connected to the support moduleto provide access for the computer module to the Internet.
 12. A vehiclecomputer system as recited in claim 11 wherein at least one of theapplications utilizes the Internet wireless link to access the Internet.13. A vehicle computer system as recited in claim 11 wherein theInternet wireless link is used to download an application to thecomputer.
 14. A vehicle computer system as recited in claim 11 whereinthe support module has a form factor of a single DIN.
 15. A vehiclecomputer system as recited in claim 11 further comprising a multitaskingoperating system stored and executed on the computer module.
 16. Avehicle computer system as recited in claim 11 wherein the applicationsare selected from a group comprising a navigational application, anentertainment application, a communications application, a vehiclesecurity application, a vehicle diagnostics application, a wordprocessing application, a spreadsheet application, a databaseapplication, and an appointment/schedule application.
 17. A vehiclecomputer system as recited in claim 11 further comprising a faceplatemodule connected to the bus.
 18. A computer network system for anautomobile, comprising: a network; at least one client computing deviceconnected to the network; a vehicle computer system connected to thenetwork to serve content to the client computing device, the vehiclecomputer system comprising: a support module having a bus; a computermodule connected to the bus, the computer module having a processor;multiple applications stored on the computer module and executed by theprocessor; and an Internet wireless link connected to the support moduleto provide access for the computer module to the Internet.
 19. Acomputer network system as recited in claim 18, wherein the contentserved to the client is received from the Internet via the Internetwireless link.
 20. A vehicle computer system comprising: a computer; anopen platform operating system executing on the computer; multipleapplications executing on the operating system; and an Internet wirelesslink to provide access to the Internet.
 21. A vehicle computer system asrecited in claim 20 wherein the multiple applications include at leastone vehicle-related application and at least one non-vehicle relatedapplication.
 22. A vehicle computer system as recited in claim 20wherein at least one of the applications utilizes the Internet wirelesslink to access the Internet.
 23. A vehicle computer system as recited inclaim 20 wherein the applications are selected from a group comprising anavigational application, an entertainment application, a communicationsapplication, a vehicle security application, a vehicle diagnosticsapplication, a word processing application, a spreadsheet application, adatabase application, and an appointment/schedule application.
 24. Avehicle computer system as recited in claim 20 wherein the Internetwireless link is used to download an application to the computer.
 25. Acomputer network system for an automobile, comprising: a network; atleast one client computing device connected to the network; a vehiclecomputer system connected to the network to serve content to the clientcomputing device, the vehicle computer system comprising: a computer; anopen platform operating system executing on the computer; multipleapplications executing on the operating system; and an Internet wirelesslink to provide access to the Internet.
 26. A computer network system asrecited in claim 25, wherein the content served to the client isreceived from the Internet via the Internet wireless link.